![]() ![]() Orbital - a region of space around the nucleus of an atom where an electron is likely to be found. Model - a physical, conceptual, or mathematical representation of a real phenomenon whose purpose is to explain and predict the observed phenomenon. ![]() Isotope - the same element with different numbers of neutrons. Ionization energy - the amount of energy required to remove one valence electron from an atom. Ion - an atom with a positive or negative charge. Hund's Rule - When placing electrons in equal energy orbitals, electrons should not be paired until each equal energy orbital contains one electron. Ground state - the lowest energy state within electron orbitals. Atomic number - the number of protons in the nucleus of an atom.Ītomic radius - the distance from the atom's nucleus to the outermost energy level.Īverage atomic mass - a weighted average of all of the isotopes of that element in the universe.Įffective nuclear charge (Zsubeff) - the net positive charge experienced by the valence electrons from the nucleus.Įlectron - a tiny particle with a negative charge that is found outside the nucleus of an atom.Įlectron configuration - the order in which electrons are arranged in an atom.Įlectronegativity - the ability of an atom to attract additional electrons.Įnergy sublevel - a smaller part within a primary energy level.Įxcited state - an atom, ion or molecule with an electron in a higher than normal energy level than its ground state. ![]()
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